Adult learning theory -- Brainstorming and discussion -- Drawing and artwork -- Field trips -- Games -- Graphic organizers -- Humor and celebration -- Manipulatives and models -- Metaphors, analogies, and similes -- Mnemonic devices -- Movement -- Music, rhythm, rhyme, and rap -- Project-based and problem-based instruction -- Reciprocal teaching, cooperative learning and peer coaching -- Role plays, drama, pantomimes -- Storytelling -- Technology -- Visualization -- Visuals -- Work study and action research -- Writing and reflection -- Professional learning designs.