In the late 18th century, Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter discovered how to artificially pollinate plants. In the early 19th century, Charles Naudin tried creating new plants by breeding two different varieties, which is called hybridisation. He noticed that characteristics weren't directly passed down from parent to offspring. Gregor Mendel conducted a famous experiment reproducing pea plants in 1854. He used a mathematical model and equations to explain his crossbreeding results and explained the Laws of Mendel. These laws stated that characteristic inheritance happened through dual input, so some traits are dominant, and others are recessive. In the early 20th century, several discoveries were made in the field of genetics such as the discovery of DNA, and the genetic code being deciphered.