Brazil : a country divided -- Brazilian music in focus : a history of hybridity -- Rural traditions of the interior : banda de pífanos and cantoria de viola -- Afro-Brazilian musical traditions of the urban northeast : candomblé, afoxé, and maracatu -- Making a multiracial carnival music : the frevo -- Inventing northeastern music : Luiz Gonzaga and the nationalization of the baiao -- Reinventing Africa and remixing hybridity in northeastern music : blocos afro and mangue beat.