Ancient civilizations -- The Inca : the building of an empire -- Conquest and the beginnings of colonial life -- Colonial Peru -- Social institutions and the Bourbon reforms -- Revolts and the wars for independence -- The long struggle for stability -- The age of guano -- The War of the Pacific and after -- The 20th century : first decades -- Depression and conflict -- Dictatorships and reform -- Agrarian reform and the Shining Path -- New structures and Fujimori.