To respond to global demand and population growth, energy production will have to increase by 75% between now and 2050. Yet, the fossil fuels (oil, coal and natural gas) that we currently use on a massive scale are becoming increasingly rare. In 2050, the energy mix will be a real alternative to oil : thermal, windmill, solar and tidal energies will have attained highly effective production levels. New distribution networks, in which the consumer will take on a new role, will de-compartmentalize centralized systems.