Last in the series exploring evolution and the origins of human life. For 200,000 years the Neanderthals lived unchallenged in Europe. But 30,000 years ago climate change and the arrival of modern humans from the east forced them to adapt or die. A skeleton of a boy found in Portugal may tell the tale of when Neanderthals and modern humans met - the Lagar Velho Boy appears to be the offspring of a Neanderthal and our own species. The sudden disappearance of the Neanderthals might not have been as final as it once seemed - our species may have assimilated some of the Neanderthals.

Originally released by BBC Worldwide Ltd, 2000. Streaming video file encoded with permission for digital streaming by Infobase on May 20, 2015.

Human Bones Found in Europe --(3:00) -- Cave 16: Ceou Valley, France -- (2:13) -- Fuhlrott Museum: Wuppertal, Germany -- (2:25) -- Comparing Fossils -- (2:06) -- DNA Analysis -- (2:40) -- Two Human Species -- (3:02) -- Early Human Tools -- (2:36) -- Neanderthal Retreat -- (1:52) -- Evidence of Ceremonial Burial -- (4:48) -- Carbon Dating -- (3:46) -- Arcy-sur-Cure, France -- (2:11) -- University of Nanterre, France -- (2:20) -- Questioning Early Human History -- (2:02) -- Cultural Symbols -- (4:08) -- Decline of Neanderthals -- (2:29) -- Evidence of Interbreeding -- (3:06) -- Last Surviving Humans -- (3:27) -- Credits: Contact: Ape-Man -- (1:08).