At the end of this activity, students should be able to use the laws of probability to explain the spontaneity of chemical and physical changes, explain the concept of entropy as a measure of disorder at the molecular level, discuss the entropy changes caused by chemical and physical processes, use standard entropy values to calculate standard entropy changes for reactions, explain how the entropy change of a system is affected by temperature, phase change or the stoichiometry of gaseous reactions, use enthalpy change and temperature to determine the enthalpy change for the surroundings and use a calculated total entropy change to predict whether a reaction is spontaneous or not.

Originally released by Learnetic, 2016.