New understanding of brain development in the early years and its effect on subsequent learning, behaviour and health for individuals has led a number of governments and other organizations to take steps to provide better circumstances in and outside the home for early child development. The Ontario government, recognizing the importance of this period of human development, established the Early Years Study in the spring of 1998 with the following purpose: The Study will provide options and recommendations with respect to the best ways of preparing all of Ontario's young children - including those at risk or with special needs - for scholastic, career and social success. The development of the whole child, giving consideration to a comprehensive model of seamless supports and early interventions, is of paramount importance. Further, the Study will clarify roles and responsibilities and recommend options for collaborative service models for early learning for children, including local and provincial-level initiatives based on best practices. In addition, the Early Years Study was asked to consider collaborative and partnership models that would actively engage the federal, provincial and municipal governments, school boards, communities and the private sector.

Issued also in French under title: Inverser la véritable fuite des cerveaux, étude sur la petite enfance, rapport final.

1. Neuroscience and early child development -- 2. Socioeconomic change and families and children -- 3. How are Ontario's children doing? -- 4. The mismatch of opportunity and investment -- 5. The strength and experience of Ontario's community initiatives in early child development programs -- 6. A vision for an ealy child development and parenting framework -- 7. Recommendations.