History now takes us to Europe: the French Revolution. Nation-states. The Jews, now European citizens, became the target of a more asserted anti-Semitism. But having incorporated the new national elites, they began to take a greater interest in the fate of the Jews in the Muslim world and to play the role of their protectors. Trapped between Zionism and Arabic nationalism, Palestine - called "Southern Syria" by the Ottomans - became the object of religious and political contention.

Originally released by Film Ideas, 2014. Streaming video file encoded with permission for digital streaming by Infobase on March 15, 2019.

Jewish Citizenship (3:54); --Emancipation of Jews in Islamic Countries (1:45); -- Universal Israelite Alliance (2:47); -- Crémieux Decree (3:49); -- Dreyfus Affair (1:50); -- Theodor Herzl (4:38); -- Arab Nationalism (2:15); -- Balfour Declaration (2:15); -- Jewish Conspiracy Theory (4:56); -- 1929 Palestine Riots (5:02); -- Leila Mourad (2:19); -- Constantine Massacre (2:48); -- 1937 Palestinian Revolt (4:19); -- Farhud Pogrom (4:50); -- Jewish Status in North Africa (3:49); -- Credits: The Separation (1789-1945) (1:36); .