In this episode, Last Human Standing explores the origins of "us" - where modern humans and our capacities for art, invention, and survival came from, and what happened when we encountered the mysterious Neanderthals. Crucial new evidence comes from the recent decoding of the Neanderthal genome. Did modern humans interbreed with Neanderthals? Exterminate them? Becoming Human examines why "we" survived while our other ancestral cousins - including Indonesia's bizarre 3-foot-high "Hobbit" - died out. And NOVA poses the intriguing question: are we still evolving today? Distributed by PBS Distribution.

Encoded with permission for digital streaming by Infobase on December 08, 2013. Learn360 is distributed by Infobase for Films for the Humanities & Sciences, Cambridge Educational, Meridian Education, and Shopware.

Introduction: Last Human Standing (2:28) -- Sponsors: NOVA (0:46) -- Humans Take Over (2:12) -- Homo erectus (2:28) -- Leaving Africa (1:04) -- Homo Heidelbergensis (1:04) -- The Caves (2:03) -- Ceremonial Burial (2:04) -- Homo Neanderthalensis (2:14) -- Scladina Boy (2:00) -- Mandible Scan (2:36) -- Neanderthal Brain (2:00) -- Carnivores (3:19) -- Homo sapiens (1:51) -- Bottleneck Effect (2:30) -- Pinnacle Point, South Africa (2:40) -- Specialized Tools (1:33) -- Decorative Art (2:06) -- Out of Africa (1:32) -- Genome Mapping (1:51) -- Fox P2 (1:26) -- Common Ancestor (1:52) -- Neanderthal Adversity (1:56) -- More Effective Weapons (1:59) -- The Human Enigma (2:02) -- Culture (1:28) -- Credits: Last Human Standing: Becoming Human-Unearthing Our Earliest Ancestors (1:44).