When Homo sapiens turned up in prehistoric Europe, they ran into the Neanderthals. The two types of human were similar enough to interbreed and both created artifacts of similar complexity. But as more and more Homo sapiens moved into Europe, the balance of power shifted. Neanderthals were overwhelmed. Ever since, we've had Europe and the rest of the world to ourselves.

Originally released by Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.), 2015. Streaming video file encoded with permission for digital streaming by Infobase on February 13, 2017.

Cave of Bones(4:10) -- Modern Humans in Europe (3:04) -- Interbreeding (4:07) -- Neanderthal Genome (3:49) -- Sequencing DNA (3:48) -- Rhone Valley (2:05) -- Stone Technology (2:55) -- Coexistence (2:45) -- Neanderthal Technology (4:36) -- Neanderthal Cognition (2:37) -- Copying Technology (3:10) -- Modern Human Technology (3:48) -- Sculpture (3:58) -- Spread of Culture (3:46) -- Homo Sapiens (3:40) -- Credits: First Peoples: Europe (0:30).