This is a timeline of the rise and fall of Africa's once powerful kingdoms. Built on trade in resources such as gold, ivory, and salt, as well as enslaved people, these kingdoms were ultimately conquered by European nations in the Scramble for Africa in the 19th century, with only Liberia and Ethiopia remaining independent.

Originally released by Makematic, 2023. Streaming video file encoded with permission for digital streaming by Infobase on June 21, 2023.