The "Concepts About Print" tests can be used with the new entrant or nonreader because the child is asked to help the examiner by pointing to certain features as the examiner reads the book. An Observation Survey presents the theoretical background, administration details, and scoring interpretation of the tests. Since its publication Sand has been a favorite diagnostic tool of reading teachers, and Stones was developed to provide an alternative.

Title from colophon. Full instructions for the administrations of this test are printed in An observation survey of early literacy achievement, Marie M. Clay, 2013.