Applying the research on instruction : an idea whose time has come -- Research-based strategies. Identifying similarities and differences -- Summarizing and note taking -- Reinforcing effort and providing recognition -- Homework and practice -- Nonlinguistic representations -- Cooperative learning -- Setting objectives and providing feedback -- Generating and testing hypotheses -- Cues, questions, and advance organizers -- Specific applications. Teaching specific types of knowledge -- Using the nine categories in instructional planning.